Journal of Clinical Virology - Volume 82 - Supplement 1 - September 2016

116 / 152

S112 Abstracts / Journal of Clinical Virology 82S (2016) S1–S142
Results: Total 547 from 700 samples were detected as posi-
tive for viral infection 78.1% (547/700). Among them, PIC (RV/EV)
(34.0%) was the most detected, followed by RSV (28.3%), HBoV
(19.1%), HCoVs (10.7%), ADV (13.7%), Flu A/B (8.9%), PIV 1-3
(7.9%)and hMPV (5.0%). PIC (RV/EV) and RSV were the most dom-
inant etiological agents among hospitalized children with ARIs
in both city of China. The prevalence of RSV, HCoVs, hMPV and
co-infection was significant higher in Beijing than in Shanghai
(P < 0.05). Different age and seasonal distribution of various viral
infections betweenBeijing and Shanghai were also observed among
hospitalized children with SARIs.
Conclusions: Different viral and epidemiological profiles
existed between Beijing and Shanghai of China. The data provide
a better understanding of the role of location and climate in the
respiratory viral infection among hospitalized children with SARIs.
Abstract no: 150
Presentation at ESCV 2016: Poster 184
The “Snotbarometer”: Epidemiological data on
respiratory infections
A. Vankeerberghen ∗, K. Dierickx, A. Boel,
K. Van Vaerenbergh, H. De Beenhouwer
Laboratory of Microbiology, OLVZ Aalst, Belgium
Molecular detection of respiratory viruses was initiated in the
Laboratory of Microbiology of OLVZ Aalst, Belgium, in 2003with the
detection of humanmetapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syn-
cytial virus (RSV). Since then, a constant elaboration of the portfolio
was performed resulting in 8multiplex in house real time PCR’s that
detect 22 respiratory pathogens including viruses (RSV, hMPV, ade-
novirus, bocavirus, para-influenzavirus (PIV) 1, 2, 3 and 4, Influenza
A and B, coronaviruses, enterovirus and rhinovirus) and atypical
bacteria (M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, B. pertussis, parapertussis
and holmesii). Samples are mainly obtained from our hospital but
also fromother hospitals from the Flanders region. On each respira-
tory sample forwhichmolecular diagnostics for at least one of these
pathogens is requested, the complete PCR panel of 22 pathogens
is performed. This increases the accuracy of a specific diagnosis,
and it also results in “local” epidemiological data. These data are
translated into a graphic representation, called the “snotbarom-
eter”, which is made available for the hospital staff through the
intranet, and on the website of the hospital. The “snotbarometer”
consists of a weekly and a monthly report.
In the weekly report, the amount of positive samples for each
pathogen separately is depicted in a graph and updated weekly.
This presentation gives the physician an idea of the actually circu-
lating pathogens, of the amount of samples analysed in the lab, and
the percentage of samples positive for each pathogen.
In the monthly report a seasonal overview is given for the
pathogens with epidemiological data available for multiple years,
so one can start to extract the characteristic seasonal patterns.
Examples are RSV, influenza A and B, PIV1, PIV2, PIV3 and PIV4.
This year, Influenza B exceptionally preceded Influenza A which
prolonged the influenza season. For other pathogens like adeno-
virus, bocavirus and M. pneumoniae the seasonality is less clear
and one can observe a more fluctuating presence. Together, this
information is very useful to predict the upcoming viruses.
Conclusion: Regional epidemiological data are powerful since
they can give useful information to the physician, especially when
a weekly follow-up is available.
Abstract no: 181
Presentation at ESCV 2016: Poster 185
Molecular characterization of human
parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) among
hospitalized patients from central Israel
I. Jornist ∗, E. Mendelson , D. Ram , R. Azar ,
M. Mandelboim , M. Hindiyeh
1 Chaim Sheba Medical Center & Tel-Aviv University,
Israel
2 Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel
Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3) is an enveloped,
non-segmented, negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the
Paramyxoviridae family. HPIV-3 is a common cause of bronchiolitis
and pneumoniae in children less than 1 year of age and one of the
leading causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections in chil-
dren under five years of age. In Israel, the epidemiology of HPIV-3
infections is not well characterized.
In this study, epidemiology and molecular characterization
of HPIV-3 was performed on patient samples collected between
January 2012 and September 2015. Nasopharyngeal swabs
(N = 15,946) were collected from hospitalized patients presenting
with respiratory illness. Viral nucleic acid was extracted from
patient sample using NucliSENS® easyMAG® (bioMérieux, France)
and tested for the common human respiratory viruses (influenza
viruses A and B, hMPV, adenovirus, RSV andHPIV-3) using validated
real time PCR multiplex assays. Furthermore, molecular character-
ization of HPIV-3 complete HN gene (1722 bases) was performed
after sequencing the complete HN gene. The BayesianMarkov chain
Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was applied using a relaxed molec-
ular clock, as implemented in the BEAST program (version 1.7.5).
Trees were visualized and editedwith the FigTree program (version
1.4.2) included in the BEAST software package.
Of the patient samples tested, 547 (3.43%) samples were pos-
itive for HPIV-3. Stratifying HPIV-3, by month revealed the virus
major activity was during the winter and spring seasons. Not only
that, but the majority of patients infected were children less than
1 year of age and elderly greater than 60 years of age. An increased
HPIV-3 activity was seen in patients hospitalized in the oncol-
ogy/transplants wards of the hospital. Of interest were patient’s
co-infections with HPIV-3 and other respiratory viruses. Of the 547
patient infected with HPIV-3, 99 (18.1%) patients were co-infected
with other human respiratory viruses. Of which, adenovirus (6.6%)
and RSV (6.4%) were the most common.
Molecular characterization of the complete HPIV-3 HN gene
from 50 different patients infected throughout the study period
revealed that the majority of the HPIV-3 strains circulating in Israel
belonged to the C1b and C3a clades. These HPIV-3 clades were
mainly seen in the America’s and Saudi Arabia. In addition, one
HPIV-3 isolate from the year 2012 did not match with any of the C1
clades, suggesting the possibility of being a new sub clade. HPIV-3
HN sequence analysis also revealed that the isolates characterized
from Israel did not acquire the substitutions T193I and I567V in
the HN gene suggesting that in patients with severe infection and
where Zanamivir treatment is warranted, this antiviral can be used
to help in managing the HPIV-3 infection.
This is the first comprehensive study that characterized HPIV-
3 infections in Israel. The high co-infection rate of HPIV-3 and
other common human patients mandates careful evaluation of the
clinical presentation of infected patients and their prognosis. In
addition, in depth evaluation of the clinical presentation of patients
infected with the different HPIV-3 clades should be entertained.